package org.apache.maven.archetype.common.util;
   
   /*
    * Copyright (C) 2000-2004 Jason Hunter & Brett McLaughlin.
    * All rights reserved.
    *
    * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    * are met:
   *
   * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
   *
   * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
   *    notice, this list of conditions, and the disclaimer that follows 
   *    these conditions in the documentation and/or other materials 
   *    provided with the distribution.
   *
   * 3. The name "JDOM" must not be used to endorse or promote products
   *    derived from this software without prior written permission.  For
   *    written permission, please contact <request_AT_jdom_DOT_org>.
   *
   * 4. Products derived from this software may not be called "JDOM", nor
   *    may "JDOM" appear in their name, without prior written permission
   *    from the JDOM Project Management <request_AT_jdom_DOT_org>.
   *
   * In addition, we request (but do not require) that you include in the 
   * end-user documentation provided with the redistribution and/or in the 
   * software itself an acknowledgement equivalent to the following:
   *     "This product includes software developed by the
   *      JDOM Project (http://www.jdom.org/)."
   * Alternatively, the acknowledgment may be graphical using the logos 
   * available at http://www.jdom.org/images/logos.
   *
   * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
   * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
   * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
   * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE JDOM AUTHORS OR THE PROJECT
   * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
   * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
   * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
   * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
   * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
   * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
   * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
   * SUCH DAMAGE.
   *
   * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many 
   * individuals on behalf of the JDOM Project and was originally 
   * created by Jason Hunter <jhunter_AT_jdom_DOT_org> and
   * Brett McLaughlin <brett_AT_jdom_DOT_org>.  For more information
   * on the JDOM Project, please see <http://www.jdom.org/>.
   */
  
  import org.codehaus.plexus.util.StringUtils;
  import org.jdom.Attribute;
  import org.jdom.CDATA;
  import org.jdom.Comment;
  import org.jdom.DocType;
  import org.jdom.Document;
  import org.jdom.Element;
  import org.jdom.EntityRef;
  import org.jdom.Namespace;
  import org.jdom.ProcessingInstruction;
  import org.jdom.Text;
  import org.jdom.output.EscapeStrategy;
  
  import javax.xml.transform.Result;
  import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
  import java.io.BufferedWriter;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
  import java.io.StringWriter;
  import java.io.Writer;
  import java.util.List;
  
  /**
   * <p>This class is a fork from jdom 1.0 modified to preserve CData and
   * comments parts.</p>
   * 
   * <p>Outputs a JDOM document as a stream of bytes. The outputter can manage many
   * styles of document formatting, from untouched to pretty printed. The default
   * is to output the document content exactly as created, but this can be changed
   * by setting a new Format object. For pretty-print output, use
   * <code>{@link Format#getPrettyFormat()}</code>. For whitespace-normalized
   * output, use <code>{@link Format#getCompactFormat()}</code>.</p>
   * 
   * <p>There are <code>{@link #output output(...)}</code> methods to print any of
   * the standard JDOM classes, including Document and Element, to either a Writer
   * or an OutputStream. <b>Warning</b>: When outputting to a Writer, make sure
   * the writer's encoding matches the encoding setting in the Format object. This
   * ensures the encoding in which the content is written (controlled by the
   * Writer configuration) matches the encoding placed in the document's XML
   * declaration (controlled by the XMLOutputter). Because a Writer cannot be
   * queried for its encoding, the information must be passed to the Format
   * manually in its constructor or via the
   * <code>{@link Format#setEncoding}</code> method. The default encoding is
   * UTF-8.</p>
  * 
  * <p>The methods <code>{@link #outputString outputString(...)}</code> are for
  * convenience only; for top performance you should call one of the <code>{@link
  * #output output(...)}</code> methods and pass in your own Writer or
  * OutputStream if possible.</p>
  * 
  * <p>XML declarations are always printed on their own line followed by a line
  * seperator (this doesn't change the semantics of the document). To omit
  * printing of the declaration use
  * <code>{@link Format#setOmitDeclaration}</code>. To omit printing of the
  * encoding in the declaration use <code>{@link Format#setOmitEncoding}</code>.
  * Unfortunatly there is currently no way to know the original encoding of the
  * document.</p>
  * 
  * <p>Empty elements are by default printed as &lt;empty/&gt;, but this can be
  * configured with <code>{@link Format#setExpandEmptyElements}</code> to cause
  * them to be expanded to &lt;empty&gt;&lt;/empty&gt;.</p>
  *
  * @author Brett McLaughlin
  * @author Jason Hunter
  * @author Jason Reid
  * @author Wolfgang Werner
  * @author Elliotte Rusty Harold
  * @author David &amp; Will (from Post Tool Design)
  * @author Dan Schaffer
  * @author Alex Chaffee
  * @author Bradley S. Huffman
  */
 
 public class XMLOutputter
     implements Cloneable
 {
     // For normal output
     private Format userFormat = Format.getRawFormat();
 
     // For xml:space="preserve"
     protected static final Format preserveFormat = Format.getRawFormat();
 
     // What's currently in use
     protected Format currentFormat = userFormat;
 
     /**
      * Whether output escaping is enabled for the being processed
      * Element - default is <code>true</code>
      */
     private boolean escapeOutput = true;
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Constructors * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * This will create an <code>XMLOutputter</code> with the default
      * {@link Format} matching {@link Format#getRawFormat}.
      */
     public XMLOutputter()
     {
     }
 
     /**
      * This will create an <code>XMLOutputter</code> with the specified
      * format characteristics.  Note the format object is cloned internally
      * before use.
      */
     public XMLOutputter( Format format )
     {
         userFormat = (Format) format.clone();
         currentFormat = userFormat;
     }
 
     /**
      * This will create an <code>XMLOutputter</code> with all the
      * options as set in the given <code>XMLOutputter</code>.  Note
      * that <code>XMLOutputter two = (XMLOutputter)one.clone();</code>
      * would work equally well.
      *
      * @param that the XMLOutputter to clone
      */
     public XMLOutputter( XMLOutputter that )
     {
         this.userFormat = (Format) that.userFormat.clone();
         currentFormat = userFormat;
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Set parameters methods * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Set parameters methods * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * Sets the new format logic for the outputter.  Note the Format
      * object is cloned internally before use.
      *
      * @param newFormat the format to use for output
      */
     public void setFormat( Format newFormat )
     {
         this.userFormat = (Format) newFormat.clone();
         this.currentFormat = userFormat;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the current format in use by the outputter.  Note the
      * Format object returned is a clone of the one used internally.
      */
     public Format getFormat()
     {
         return (Format) userFormat.clone();
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a OutputStream * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a OutputStream * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * This will print the <code>Document</code> to the given output stream.
      * The characters are printed using the encoding specified in the
      * constructor, or a default of UTF-8.
      *
      * @param doc <code>Document</code> to format.
      * @param out <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      * @throws IOException - if there's any problem writing.
      */
     public void output( Document doc, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( doc, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out the <code>{@link DocType}</code>.
      *
      * @param doctype <code>DocType</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( DocType doctype, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( doctype, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out an <code>{@link Element}</code>, including
      * its <code>{@link Attribute}</code>s, and all
      * contained (child) elements, etc.
      *
      * @param element <code>Element</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Element element, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( element, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing out an <code>{@link
      * Element}</code>'s content only, not including its tag, and
      * attributes.  This can be useful for printing the content of an
      * element that contains HTML, like "&lt;description&gt;JDOM is
      * &lt;b&gt;fun&gt;!&lt;/description&gt;".
      *
      * @param element <code>Element</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void outputElementContent( Element element, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         outputElementContent( element, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing out a list of nodes.
      * This can be useful for printing the content of an element that
      * contains HTML, like "&lt;description&gt;JDOM is
      * &lt;b&gt;fun&gt;!&lt;/description&gt;".
      *
      * @param list <code>List</code> of nodes.
      * @param out  <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( List<?> list, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( list, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link CDATA}</code> node.
      *
      * @param cdata <code>CDATA</code> to output.
      * @param out   <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( CDATA cdata, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( cdata, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link Text}</code> node.  Perfoms
      * the necessary entity escaping and whitespace stripping.
      *
      * @param text <code>Text</code> to output.
      * @param out  <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Text text, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( text, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link Comment}</code>.
      *
      * @param comment <code>Comment</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Comment comment, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( comment, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link ProcessingInstruction}</code>.
      *
      * @param pi  <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> to output.
      * @param out <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( ProcessingInstruction pi, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( pi, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link EntityRef}</code>.
      *
      * @param entity <code>EntityRef</code> to output.
      * @param out    <code>OutputStream</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( EntityRef entity, OutputStream out )
         throws IOException
     {
         Writer writer = makeWriter( out );
         output( entity, writer );  // output() flushes
     }
 
     /**
      * Get an OutputStreamWriter, using prefered encoding
      * (see {@link Format#setEncoding}).
      */
     private Writer makeWriter( OutputStream out )
         throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
     {
         return makeWriter( out, userFormat.encoding );
     }
 
     /** Get an OutputStreamWriter, use specified encoding. */
     private static Writer makeWriter( OutputStream out, String enc )
         throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
     {
         // "UTF-8" is not recognized before JDK 1.1.6, so we'll translate
         // into "UTF8" which works with all JDKs.
         if ( "UTF-8".equals( enc ) )
         {
             enc = "UTF8";
         }
 
         Writer writer = new BufferedWriter( ( new OutputStreamWriter( new BufferedOutputStream( out ), enc ) ) );
         return writer;
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a Writer * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a Writer * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * <p>This will print the <code>Document</code> to the given Writer.</p>
      * 
      * <p>Warning: using your own Writer may cause the outputter's
      * preferred character encoding to be ignored.  If you use
      * encodings other than UTF-8, we recommend using the method that
      * takes an OutputStream instead.</p>
      *
      * @param doc <code>Document</code> to format.
      * @param out <code>Writer</code> to use.
      * @throws IOException - if there's any problem writing.
      */
     public void output( Document doc, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
 
         printDeclaration( out, doc, userFormat.encoding );
 
         // Print out root element, as well as any root level
         // comments and processing instructions,
         // starting with no indentation
         List<?> content = doc.getContent();
         int size = content.size();
         for ( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )
         {
             Object obj = content.get( i );
 
             if ( obj instanceof Element )
             {
                 printElement( out, doc.getRootElement(), 0, createNamespaceStack() );
             }
             else if ( obj instanceof Comment )
             {
                 printComment( out, (Comment) obj );
             }
             else if ( obj instanceof ProcessingInstruction )
             {
                 printProcessingInstruction( out, (ProcessingInstruction) obj );
             }
             else if ( obj instanceof DocType )
             {
                 printDocType( out, doc.getDocType() );
                 // Always print line separator after declaration, helps the
                 // output look better and is semantically inconsequential
                 out.write( currentFormat.lineSeparator );
             }
             else
             {
                 // XXX if we get here then we have a illegal content, for
                 //     now we'll just ignore it
             }
 
             newline( out );
             indent( out, 0 );
         }
 
         // Output final line separator
         // We output this no matter what the newline flags say
         out.write( currentFormat.lineSeparator );
 
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out the <code>{@link DocType}</code>.
      *
      * @param doctype <code>DocType</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( DocType doctype, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printDocType( out, doctype );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out an <code>{@link Element}</code>, including
      * its <code>{@link Attribute}</code>s, and all
      * contained (child) elements, etc.
      *
      * @param element <code>Element</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Element element, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         // If this is the root element we could pre-initialize the
         // namespace stack with the namespaces
         printElement( out, element, 0, createNamespaceStack() );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing out an <code>{@link
      * Element}</code>'s content only, not including its tag, and
      * attributes.  This can be useful for printing the content of an
      * element that contains HTML, like "&lt;description&gt;JDOM is
      * &lt;b&gt;fun&gt;!&lt;/description&gt;".
      *
      * @param element <code>Element</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void outputElementContent( Element element, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         List<?> content = element.getContent();
         printContentRange( out, content, 0, content.size(),
             0, createNamespaceStack() );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing out a list of nodes.
      * This can be useful for printing the content of an element that
      * contains HTML, like "&lt;description&gt;JDOM is
      * &lt;b&gt;fun&gt;!&lt;/description&gt;".
      *
      * @param list <code>List</code> of nodes.
      * @param out  <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( List<?> list, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printContentRange( out, list, 0, list.size(), 0, createNamespaceStack() );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link CDATA}</code> node.
      *
      * @param cdata <code>CDATA</code> to output.
      * @param out   <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( CDATA cdata, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printCDATA( out, cdata );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link Text}</code> node.  Perfoms
      * the necessary entity escaping and whitespace stripping.
      *
      * @param text <code>Text</code> to output.
      * @param out  <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Text text, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printText( out, text );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link Comment}</code>.
      *
      * @param comment <code>Comment</code> to output.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( Comment comment, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printComment( out, comment );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link ProcessingInstruction}</code>.
      *
      * @param pi  <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> to output.
      * @param out <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( ProcessingInstruction pi, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         boolean currentEscapingPolicy = currentFormat.ignoreTrAXEscapingPIs;
 
         // Output PI verbatim, disregarding TrAX escaping PIs.
         currentFormat.setIgnoreTrAXEscapingPIs( true );
         printProcessingInstruction( out, pi );
         currentFormat.setIgnoreTrAXEscapingPIs( currentEscapingPolicy );
 
         out.flush();
     }
 
     /**
      * Print out a <code>{@link EntityRef}</code>.
      *
      * @param entity <code>EntityRef</code> to output.
      * @param out    <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     public void output( EntityRef entity, Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         printEntityRef( out, entity );
         out.flush();
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a String * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Output to a String * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a document.  Uses an internal
      * StringWriter. Warning: a String is Unicode, which may not match
      * the outputter's specified encoding.
      *
      * @param doc <code>Document</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( Document doc )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( doc, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a DocType. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param doctype <code>DocType</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( DocType doctype )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( doctype, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing an element. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param element <code>Element</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( Element element )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( element, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a list of nodes.  The list is
      * assumed to contain legal JDOM nodes.
      *
      * @param list <code>List</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( List<?> list )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( list, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a CDATA node. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param cdata <code>CDATA</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( CDATA cdata )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( cdata, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a Text node. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param text <code>Text</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( Text text )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( text, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a comment. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param comment <code>Comment</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( Comment comment )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( comment, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing a PI. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param pi <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( ProcessingInstruction pi )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( pi, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string representing an entity. Warning: a String is
      * Unicode, which may not match the outputter's specified
      * encoding.
      *
      * @param entity <code>EntityRef</code> to format.
      */
     public String outputString( EntityRef entity )
     {
         StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
         try
         {
             output( entity, out );  // output() flushes
         }
         catch ( IOException e )
         {
         }
         return out.toString();
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Internal printing methods * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Internal printing methods * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of the declaration.
      * Assumes XML version 1.0 since we don't directly know.
      *
      * @param doc      <code>Document</code> whose declaration to write.
      * @param out      <code>Writer</code> to use.
      * @param encoding The encoding to add to the declaration
      */
     protected void printDeclaration( Writer out, Document doc, String encoding )
         throws IOException
     {
 
         // Only print the declaration if it's not being omitted
         if ( !userFormat.omitDeclaration )
         {
             // Assume 1.0 version
             out.write( "<?xml version=\"1.0\"" );
             if ( !userFormat.omitEncoding )
             {
                 out.write( " encoding=\"" + encoding + "\"" );
             }
             out.write( "?>" );
 
             // Print new line after decl always, even if no other new lines
             // Helps the output look better and is semantically
             // inconsequential
             out.write( currentFormat.lineSeparator );
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This handle printing the DOCTYPE declaration if one exists.
      *
      * @param docType <code>Document</code> whose declaration to write.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printDocType( Writer out, DocType docType )
         throws IOException
     {
 
         String publicID = docType.getPublicID();
         String systemID = docType.getSystemID();
         String internalSubset = docType.getInternalSubset();
         boolean hasPublic = false;
 
         out.write( "<!DOCTYPE " );
         out.write( docType.getElementName() );
         if ( publicID != null )
         {
             out.write( " PUBLIC \"" );
             out.write( publicID );
             out.write( "\"" );
             hasPublic = true;
         }
         if ( systemID != null )
         {
             if ( !hasPublic )
             {
                 out.write( " SYSTEM" );
             }
             out.write( " \"" );
             out.write( systemID );
             out.write( "\"" );
         }
         if ( ( internalSubset != null ) && ( !internalSubset.equals( "" ) ) )
         {
             out.write( " [" );
             out.write( currentFormat.lineSeparator );
             out.write( docType.getInternalSubset() );
             out.write( "]" );
         }
         out.write( ">" );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of comments.
      *
      * @param comment <code>Comment</code> to write.
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printComment( Writer out, Comment comment )
         throws IOException
     {
         out.write( "<!--" );
         out.write( StringUtils.unifyLineSeparators( comment.getText(), currentFormat.lineSeparator ) );
         out.write( "-->" );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of processing instructions.
      *
      * @param pi  <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> to write.
      * @param out <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printProcessingInstruction( Writer out, ProcessingInstruction pi )
         throws IOException
     {
         String target = pi.getTarget();
         boolean piProcessed = false;
 
         if ( currentFormat.ignoreTrAXEscapingPIs == false )
         {
             if ( target.equals( Result.PI_DISABLE_OUTPUT_ESCAPING ) )
             {
                 escapeOutput = false;
                 piProcessed = true;
             }
             else if ( target.equals( Result.PI_ENABLE_OUTPUT_ESCAPING ) )
             {
                 escapeOutput = true;
                 piProcessed = true;
             }
         }
         if ( piProcessed == false )
         {
             String rawData = pi.getData();
 
             // Write <?target data?> or if no data then just <?target?>
             if ( !"".equals( rawData ) )
             {
                 out.write( "<?" );
                 out.write( target );
                 out.write( " " );
                 out.write( rawData );
                 out.write( "?>" );
             }
             else
             {
                 out.write( "<?" );
                 out.write( target );
                 out.write( "?>" );
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing a <code>{@link EntityRef}</code>.
      * Only the entity reference such as <code>&amp;entity;</code>
      * will be printed. However, subclasses are free to override
      * this method to print the contents of the entity instead.
      *
      * @param entity <code>EntityRef</code> to output.
      * @param out    <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printEntityRef( Writer out, EntityRef entity )
         throws IOException
     {
         out.write( "&" );
         out.write( entity.getName() );
         out.write( ";" );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of <code>{@link CDATA}</code> text.
      *
      * @param cdata <code>CDATA</code> to output.
      * @param out   <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printCDATA( Writer out, CDATA cdata )
         throws IOException
     {
         String str =
             ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE ) ? cdata.getTextNormalize()
                             : ( ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM ) ? cdata.getText().trim()
                                             : cdata.getText() );
         out.write( "<![CDATA[" );
         out.write( str );
         out.write( "]]>" );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of <code>{@link Text}</code> strings.
      *
      * @param text <code>Text</code> to write.
      * @param out  <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     protected void printText( Writer out, Text text )
         throws IOException
     {
         String str =
             ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE ) ? text.getTextNormalize()
                             : ( ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM ) ? text.getText().trim() : text.getText() );
         out.write( escapeElementEntities( str ) );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing a string.  Escapes the element entities,
      * trims interior whitespace, etc. if necessary.
      */
     private void printString( Writer out, String str )
         throws IOException
     {
         if ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE )
         {
             str = Text.normalizeString( str );
         }
         else if ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM )
         {
             str = str.trim();
         }
         out.write( escapeElementEntities( str ) );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of a <code>{@link Element}</code>,
      * its <code>{@link Attribute}</code>s, and all contained (child)
      * elements, etc.
      *
      * @param element    <code>Element</code> to output.
      * @param out        <code>Writer</code> to use.
      * @param level      <code>int</code> level of indention.
      * @param namespaces <code>List</code> stack of Namespaces in scope.
      */
     protected void printElement( Writer out, Element element, int level, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
 
         List<?> attributes = element.getAttributes();
         List<?> content = element.getContent();
 
         // Check for xml:space and adjust format settings
         String space = null;
         if ( attributes != null )
         {
             space = element.getAttributeValue( "space", Namespace.XML_NAMESPACE );
         }
 
         Format previousFormat = currentFormat;
 
         if ( "default".equals( space ) )
         {
             currentFormat = userFormat;
         }
         else if ( "preserve".equals( space ) )
         {
             currentFormat = preserveFormat;
         }
 
         // Print the beginning of the tag plus attributes and any
         // necessary namespace declarations
         out.write( "<" );
         printQualifiedName( out, element );
 
         // Mark our namespace starting point
         int previouslyDeclaredNamespaces = namespaces.size();
 
         // Print the element's namespace, if appropriate
         printElementNamespace( out, element, namespaces );
 
         // Print out additional namespace declarations
         printAdditionalNamespaces( out, element, namespaces );
 
         // Print out attributes
         if ( attributes != null )
         {
             printAttributes( out, attributes, element, namespaces );
         }
 
         // Depending on the settings (newlines, textNormalize, etc), we may
         // or may not want to print all of the content, so determine the
         // index of the start of the content we're interested
         // in based on the current settings.
 
         int start = skipLeadingWhite( content, 0 );
         int size = content.size();
         if ( start >= size )
         {
             // Case content is empty or all insignificant whitespace
             if ( currentFormat.expandEmptyElements )
             {
                 out.write( "></" );
                 printQualifiedName( out, element );
                 out.write( ">" );
             }
             else
             {
                 out.write( " />" );
             }
         }
         else
         {
             out.write( ">" );
 
             // For a special case where the content is only CDATA
             // or Text we don't want to indent after the start or
             // before the end tag.
 
             if ( nextNonText( content, start ) < size )
             {
                 // Case Mixed Content - normal indentation
                 newline( out );
                 printContentRange( out, content, start, size,
                     level + 1, namespaces );
                 newline( out );
                 indent( out, level );
             }
             else
             {
                 // Case all CDATA or Text - no indentation
                 printTextRange( out, content, start, size );
             }
             out.write( "</" );
             printQualifiedName( out, element );
             out.write( ">" );
         }
 
         // remove declared namespaces from stack
         while ( namespaces.size() > previouslyDeclaredNamespaces )
         {
             namespaces.pop();
         }
 
         // Restore our format settings
         currentFormat = previousFormat;
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of content within a given range.
      * The range to print is specified in typical Java fashion; the
      * starting index is inclusive, while the ending index is
      * exclusive.
      *
      * @param content    <code>List</code> of content to output
      * @param start      index of first content node (inclusive.
      * @param end        index of last content node (exclusive).
      * @param out        <code>Writer</code> to use.
      * @param level      <code>int</code> level of indentation.
      * @param namespaces <code>List</code> stack of Namespaces in scope.
      */
     private void printContentRange( Writer out, List<?> content, int start, int end, int level, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
         boolean firstNode; // Flag for 1st node in content
         Object next;       // Node we're about to print
         int first, index;  // Indexes into the list of content
 
         index = start;
         while ( index < end )
         {
             firstNode = ( index == start ) ? true : false;
             next = content.get( index );
 
             //
             // Handle consecutive CDATA, Text, and EntityRef nodes all at once
             //
             if ( ( next instanceof Text ) || ( next instanceof EntityRef ) )
             {
                 first = skipLeadingWhite( content, index );
                 // Set index to next node for loop
                 index = nextNonText( content, first );
 
                 // If it's not all whitespace - print it!
                 if ( first < index )
                 {
                     if ( !firstNode )
                     {
                         newline( out );
                     }
                     indent( out, level );
                     printTextRange( out, content, first, index );
                 }
                 continue;
             }
 
             //
             // Handle other nodes
             //
             if ( !firstNode )
             {
                 newline( out );
             }
 
             indent( out, level );
 
             if ( next instanceof Comment )
             {
                 printComment( out, (Comment) next );
             }
             else if ( next instanceof Element )
             {
                 printElement( out, (Element) next, level, namespaces );
             }
             else if ( next instanceof ProcessingInstruction )
             {
                 printProcessingInstruction( out, (ProcessingInstruction) next );
             }
             else
             {
                 // XXX if we get here then we have a illegal content, for
                 //     now we'll just ignore it (probably should throw
                 //     a exception)
             }
 
             index++;
         } /* while */
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of a sequence of <code>{@link CDATA}</code>
      * or <code>{@link Text}</code> nodes.  It is an error to have any other
      * pass this method any other type of node.
      *
      * @param content <code>List</code> of content to output
      * @param start   index of first content node (inclusive).
      * @param end     index of last content node (exclusive).
      * @param out     <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     private void printTextRange( Writer out, List<?> content, int start, int end )
         throws IOException
     {
         String previous; // Previous text printed
         Object node;     // Next node to print
         String next;     // Next text to print
 
         previous = null;
 
         // Remove leading whitespace-only nodes
         start = skipLeadingWhite( content, start );
 
         int size = content.size();
         if ( start < size )
         {
             // And remove trialing whitespace-only nodes
             end = skipTrailingWhite( content, end );
 
             for ( int i = start; i < end; i++ )
             {
                 node = content.get( i );
 
                 // Get the unmangled version of the text
                 // we are about to print
                 if ( node instanceof CDATA )
                 {
                     next = "<![CDATA[" + ( (CDATA) node ).getValue() + "]]>";
                 }
                 else if ( node instanceof Text )
                 {
                     next = ( (Text) node ).getText();
                 }
                 else if ( node instanceof EntityRef )
                 {
                     next = "&" + ( (EntityRef) node ).getValue() + ";";
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     throw new IllegalStateException( "Should see only CDATA, Text, or EntityRef" );
                 }
 
                 // This may save a little time
                 if ( next == null || "".equals( next ) )
                 {
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 // Determine if we need to pad the output (padding is
                 // only need in trim or normalizing mode)
                 if ( previous != null )
                 { // Not 1st node
                     if ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE
                         || currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM )
                     {
                         if ( ( endsWithWhite( previous ) )
                             || ( startsWithWhite( next ) ) )
                         {
                             out.write( " " );
                         }
                     }
                 }
 
                 // Print the node
                 if ( node instanceof CDATA )
                 {
                     printCDATA( out, (CDATA) node );
                 }
                 else if ( node instanceof EntityRef )
                 {
                     printEntityRef( out, (EntityRef) node );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     printString( out, next );
                 }
 
                 previous = next;
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of any needed <code>{@link Namespace}</code>
      * declarations.
      *
      * @param ns  <code>Namespace</code> to print definition of
      * @param out <code>Writer</code> to use.
      */
     private void printNamespace( Writer out, Namespace ns, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
         String prefix = ns.getPrefix();
         String uri = ns.getURI();
 
         // Already printed namespace decl?
         if ( uri.equals( namespaces.getURI( prefix ) ) )
         {
             return;
         }
 
         out.write( " xmlns" );
         if ( !prefix.equals( "" ) )
         {
             out.write( ":" );
             out.write( prefix );
         }
         out.write( "=\"" );
         out.write( uri );
         out.write( "\"" );
         namespaces.push( ns );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will handle printing of a <code>{@link Attribute}</code> list.
      *
      * @param attributes <code>List</code> of Attribute objcts
      * @param out        <code>Writer</code> to use
      */
     protected void printAttributes( Writer out, List<?> attributes, Element parent, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
 
         // I do not yet handle the case where the same prefix maps to
         // two different URIs. For attributes on the same element
         // this is illegal; but as yet we don't throw an exception
         // if someone tries to do this
         // Set prefixes = new HashSet();
         for ( int i = 0; i < attributes.size(); i++ )
         {
             Attribute attribute = (Attribute) attributes.get( i );
             Namespace ns = attribute.getNamespace();
             if ( ( ns != Namespace.NO_NAMESPACE ) && ( ns != Namespace.XML_NAMESPACE ) )
             {
                 printNamespace( out, ns, namespaces );
             }
 
             out.write( " " );
             printQualifiedName( out, attribute );
             out.write( "=" );
 
             out.write( "\"" );
             out.write( escapeAttributeEntities( attribute.getValue() ) );
             out.write( "\"" );
         }
     }
 
     private void printElementNamespace( Writer out, Element element, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
         // Add namespace decl only if it's not the XML namespace and it's
         // not the NO_NAMESPACE with the prefix "" not yet mapped
         // (we do output xmlns="" if the "" prefix was already used and we
         // need to reclaim it for the NO_NAMESPACE)
         Namespace ns = element.getNamespace();
         if ( ns == Namespace.XML_NAMESPACE )
         {
             return;
         }
         if ( !( ( ns == Namespace.NO_NAMESPACE ) && ( namespaces.getURI( "" ) == null ) ) )
         {
             printNamespace( out, ns, namespaces );
         }
     }
 
     private void printAdditionalNamespaces( Writer out, Element element, NamespaceStack namespaces )
         throws IOException
     {
         List<?> list = element.getAdditionalNamespaces();
         if ( list != null )
         {
             for ( int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++ )
             {
                 Namespace additional = (Namespace) list.get( i );
                 printNamespace( out, additional, namespaces );
             }
         }
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Support methods * * * * * * * * * *
     // * * * * * * * * * * Support methods * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /**
      * This will print a new line only if the newlines flag was set to
      * true.
      *
      * @param out <code>Writer</code> to use
      */
     private void newline( Writer out )
         throws IOException
     {
         if ( currentFormat.indent != null )
         {
             out.write( currentFormat.lineSeparator );
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This will print indents (only if the newlines flag was
      * set to <code>true</code>, and indent is non-null).
      *
      * @param out   <code>Writer</code> to use
      * @param level current indent level (number of tabs)
      */
     private void indent( Writer out, int level )
         throws IOException
     {
         if ( currentFormat.indent == null || currentFormat.indent.equals( "" ) )
         {
             return;
         }
 
         for ( int i = 0; i < level; i++ )
         {
             out.write( currentFormat.indent );
         }
     }
 
     // Returns the index of the first non-all-whitespace CDATA or Text,
     // index = content.size() is returned if content contains
     // all whitespace.
     // @param start index to begin search (inclusive)
     private int skipLeadingWhite( List<?> content, int start )
     {
         if ( start < 0 )
         {
             start = 0;
         }
 
         int index = start;
         int size = content.size();
         if ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM_FULL_WHITE
             || currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE
             || currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM )
         {
             while ( index < size )
             {
                 if ( !isAllWhitespace( content.get( index ) ) )
                 {
                     return index;
                 }
                 index++;
             }
         }
         return index;
     }
 
     // Return the index + 1 of the last non-all-whitespace CDATA or
     // Text node,  index < 0 is returned
     // if content contains all whitespace.
     // @param start index to begin search (exclusive)
     private int skipTrailingWhite( List<?> content, int start )
     {
         int size = content.size();
         if ( start > size )
         {
             start = size;
         }
 
         int index = start;
         if ( currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM_FULL_WHITE
             || currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.NORMALIZE
             || currentFormat.mode == Format.TextMode.TRIM )
         {
             while ( index >= 0 )
             {
                 if ( !isAllWhitespace( content.get( index - 1 ) ) )
                 {
                     break;
                 }
                 --index;
             }
         }
         return index;
     }
 
     // Return the next non-CDATA, non-Text, or non-EntityRef node,
     // index = content.size() is returned if there is no more non-CDATA,
     // non-Text, or non-EntiryRef nodes
     // @param start index to begin search (inclusive)
     private static int nextNonText( List<?> content, int start )
     {
         if ( start < 0 )
         {
             start = 0;
         }
 
         int index = start;
         int size = content.size();
         while ( index < size )
         {
             Object node = content.get( index );
             if ( !( ( node instanceof Text ) || ( node instanceof EntityRef ) ) )
             {
                 return index;
             }
             index++;
         }
         return size;
     }
 
     // Determine if a Object is all whitespace
     private boolean isAllWhitespace( Object obj )
     {
         String str = null;
 
         if ( obj instanceof String )
         {
             str = (String) obj;
         }
         else if ( obj instanceof Text )
         {
             str = ( (Text) obj ).getText();
         }
         else if ( obj instanceof EntityRef )
         {
             return false;
         }
         else
         {
             return false;
         }
 
         for ( int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++ )
         {
             if ( !isWhitespace( str.charAt( i ) ) )
             {
                 return false;
             }
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     // Determine if a string starts with a XML whitespace.
     private boolean startsWithWhite( String str )
     {
         return ( ( str != null ) && ( str.length() > 0 ) && isWhitespace( str.charAt( 0 ) ) );
     }
 
     // Determine if a string ends with a XML whitespace.
     private boolean endsWithWhite( String str )
     {
         return ( ( str != null ) && ( str.length() > 0 ) && isWhitespace( str.charAt( str.length() - 1 ) ) );
     }
 
     // Determine if a character is a XML whitespace.
     // XXX should this method be in Verifier
     private static boolean isWhitespace( char c )
     {
         return ( c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' );
     }
 
     /**
      * This will take the pre-defined entities in XML 1.0 and
      * convert their character representation to the appropriate
      * entity reference, suitable for XML attributes.  It does not convert
      * the single quote (') because it's not necessary as the outputter
      * writes attributes surrounded by double-quotes.
      *
      * @param str <code>String</code> input to escape.
      * @return <code>String</code> with escaped content.
      */
     public String escapeAttributeEntities( String str )
     {
         StringBuilder buffer;
         char ch;
         String entity;
         EscapeStrategy strategy = currentFormat.escapeStrategy;
 
         buffer = null;
         for ( int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++ )
         {
             ch = str.charAt( i );
             switch ( ch )
             {
                 case '<':
                     entity = "&lt;";
                     break;
                 case '>':
                     entity = "&gt;";
                     break;
 /*
                 case '\'' :
                     entity = "&apos;";
                     break;
 */
                 case '\"':
                     entity = "&quot;";
                     break;
                 case '&':
                     entity = "&amp;";
                     break;
                 case '\r':
                     entity = "&#xD;";
                     break;
                 case '\t':
                     entity = "&#x9;";
                     break;
                 case '\n':
                     entity = "&#xA;";
                     break;
                 default:
                     if ( strategy.shouldEscape( ch ) )
                     {
                         entity = "&#x" + Integer.toHexString( ch ) + ";";
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         entity = null;
                     }
                     break;
             }
             if ( buffer == null )
             {
                 if ( entity != null )
                 {
                     // An entity occurred, so we'll have to use StringBuilder
                     // (allocate room for it plus a few more entities).
                     buffer = new StringBuilder( str.length() + 20 );
                     // Copy previous skipped characters and fall through
                     // to pickup current character
                     buffer.append( str.substring( 0, i ) );
                     buffer.append( entity );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 if ( entity == null )
                 {
                     buffer.append( ch );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     buffer.append( entity );
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // If there were any entities, return the escaped characters
         // that we put in the StringBuilder. Otherwise, just return
         // the unmodified input string.
         return ( buffer == null ) ? str : buffer.toString();
     }
 
 
     /**
      * This will take the three pre-defined entities in XML 1.0
      * (used specifically in XML elements) and convert their character
      * representation to the appropriate entity reference, suitable for
      * XML element content.
      *
      * @param str <code>String</code> input to escape.
      * @return <code>String</code> with escaped content.
      */
     public String escapeElementEntities( String str )
     {
         if ( escapeOutput == false )
         {
             return str;
         }
 
         StringBuilder buffer;
         char ch;
         String entity;
         EscapeStrategy strategy = currentFormat.escapeStrategy;
 
         buffer = null;
         for ( int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++ )
         {
             ch = str.charAt( i );
             switch ( ch )
             {
                 case '<':
                     entity = "&lt;";
                     break;
                 case '>':
                     entity = "&gt;";
                     break;
                 case '&':
                     entity = "&amp;";
                     break;
                 case '\r':
                     entity = "&#xD;";
                     break;
                 case '\n':
                     entity = currentFormat.lineSeparator;
                     break;
                 default:
                     if ( strategy.shouldEscape( ch ) )
                     {
                         entity = "&#x" + Integer.toHexString( ch ) + ";";
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         entity = null;
                     }
                     break;
             }
             if ( buffer == null )
             {
                 if ( entity != null )
                 {
                     // An entity occurred, so we'll have to use StringBuilder
                     // (allocate room for it plus a few more entities).
                     buffer = new StringBuilder( str.length() + 20 );
                     // Copy previous skipped characters and fall through
                     // to pickup current character
                     buffer.append( str.substring( 0, i ) );
                     buffer.append( entity );
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 if ( entity == null )
                 {
                     buffer.append( ch );
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     buffer.append( entity );
                 }
             }
         }
 
         // If there were any entities, return the escaped characters
         // that we put in the StringBuilder. Otherwise, just return
         // the unmodified input string.
         return ( buffer == null ) ? str : buffer.toString();
     }
 
     /** Returns a copy of this XMLOutputter. */
     @Override
     public Object clone()
     {
         // Implementation notes: Since all state of an XMLOutputter is
         // embodied in simple private instance variables, Object.clone
         // can be used.  Note that since Object.clone is totally
         // broken, we must catch an exception that will never be
         // thrown.
         try
         {
             return super.clone();
         }
         catch ( java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException e )
         {
             // even though this should never ever happen, it's still
             // possible to fool Java into throwing a
             // CloneNotSupportedException.  If that happens, we
             // shouldn't swallow it.
             throw new RuntimeException( e.toString() );
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Return a string listing of the settings for this
      * XMLOutputter instance.
      *
      * @return a string listing the settings for this XMLOutputter instance
      */
     @Override
     public String toString()
     {
         StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
         for ( int i = 0; i < userFormat.lineSeparator.length(); i++ )
         {
             char ch = userFormat.lineSeparator.charAt( i );
             switch ( ch )
             {
                 case '\r':
                     buffer.append( "\\r" );
                     break;
                 case '\n':
                     buffer.append( "\\n" );
                     break;
                 case '\t':
                     buffer.append( "\\t" );
                     break;
                 default:
                     buffer.append( "[" + ( (int) ch ) + "]" );
                     break;
             }
         }
 
         return (
             "XMLOutputter[omitDeclaration = " + userFormat.omitDeclaration + ", "
                 + "encoding = " + userFormat.encoding + ", "
                 + "omitEncoding = " + userFormat.omitEncoding + ", "
                 + "indent = '" + userFormat.indent + "'" + ", "
                 + "expandEmptyElements = " + userFormat.expandEmptyElements + ", "
                 + "lineSeparator = '" + buffer.toString() + "', "
                 + "textMode = " + userFormat.mode + "]"
         );
     }
 
     /**
      * Factory for making new NamespaceStack objects.  The NamespaceStack
      * created is actually an inner class extending the package protected
      * NamespaceStack, as a way to make NamespaceStack "friendly" toward
      * subclassers.
      */
     private NamespaceStack createNamespaceStack()
     {
         // actually returns a XMLOutputter.NamespaceStack (see below)
         return new NamespaceStack();
     }
 
     /**
      * Our own null subclass of NamespaceStack.  This plays a little
      * trick with Java access protection.  We want subclasses of
      * XMLOutputter to be able to override protected methods that
      * declare a NamespaceStack parameter, but we don't want to
      * declare the parent NamespaceStack class as public.
      */
     protected class NamespaceStack
         extends org.apache.maven.archetype.common.util.NamespaceStack
     {
     }
 
     // Support method to print a name without using elt.getQualifiedName()
     // and thus avoiding a StringBuilder creation and memory churn
     private void printQualifiedName( Writer out, Element e )
         throws IOException
     {
         if ( e.getNamespace().getPrefix().length() == 0 )
         {
             out.write( e.getName() );
         }
         else
         {
             out.write( e.getNamespace().getPrefix() );
             out.write( ':' );
             out.write( e.getName() );
         }
     }
 
     // Support method to print a name without using att.getQualifiedName()
     // and thus avoiding a StringBuilder creation and memory churn
     private void printQualifiedName( Writer out, Attribute a )
         throws IOException
     {
         String prefix = a.getNamespace().getPrefix();
         if ( ( prefix != null ) && ( !prefix.equals( "" ) ) )
         {
             out.write( prefix );
             out.write( ':' );
             out.write( a.getName() );
         }
         else
         {
             out.write( a.getName() );
         }
     }
 
     // * * * * * * * * * * Deprecated methods * * * * * * * * * *
 
     /* The methods below here are deprecations of protected methods.  We
      * don't usually deprecate protected methods, so they're commented out.
      * They're left here in case this mass deprecation causes people trouble.
      * Since we're getting close to 1.0 it's actually better for people to
      * raise issues early though.
      */
 
 }