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    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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    * distributed with this work for additional information
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    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
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   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
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  package org.apache.maven.buildcache.its;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.nio.file.Paths;
  import java.nio.file.attribute.FileTime;
  import java.time.Instant;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  
  import org.apache.maven.buildcache.its.junit.IntegrationTest;
  import org.apache.maven.it.VerificationException;
  import org.apache.maven.it.Verifier;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
  
  /**
   * Tests that stale artifacts from source changes are not cached.
   * Simulates the scenario:
   * 1. Build version A (creates target/classes with old content)
   * 2. Source changes (e.g., branch switch, external update), but target/classes remains
   * 3. Build without 'mvn clean' - should NOT cache stale target/classes
   */
  @IntegrationTest("src/test/projects/stale-artifact")
  class StaleArtifactTest {
  
      @Test
      void staleDirectoryNotCached(Verifier verifier) throws VerificationException, IOException {
          verifier.setAutoclean(false);
  
          // Build version A: compile project
          verifier.setLogFileName("../log-version-a.txt");
          verifier.executeGoals(Arrays.asList("clean", "compile"));
          verifier.verifyErrorFreeLog();
  
          Path classesDir = Paths.get(verifier.getBasedir(), "target", "classes");
          Path appClass = classesDir.resolve("org/example/App.class");
          assertTrue(Files.exists(appClass), "App.class should exist after compile");
  
          // Simulate source change (e.g., branch switch, external update) by:
          // 1. Modifying source file (simulates different source version)
          // 2. Making class file appear OLDER than build start time (stale)
          Path sourceFile = Paths.get(verifier.getBasedir(), "src/main/java/org/example/App.java");
          String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(sourceFile), "UTF-8");
          Files.write(sourceFile, content.replace("Version A", "Version B").getBytes("UTF-8"));
  
          // Backdate the class file to simulate stale artifact from previous build
          FileTime oldTime = FileTime.from(Instant.now().minusSeconds(3600)); // 1 hour ago
          Files.setLastModifiedTime(appClass, oldTime);
  
          // Try to build without clean (simulates developer workflow)
          verifier.setLogFileName("../log-version-b.txt");
          verifier.executeGoals(Arrays.asList("compile"));
          verifier.verifyErrorFreeLog();
  
          // Verify that compiler detected source change and recompiled
          // (class file should have new timestamp after recompile)
          FileTime newTime = Files.getLastModifiedTime(appClass);
          assertTrue(
                  newTime.toMillis() > oldTime.toMillis(),
                  "Compiler should have recompiled stale class (new timestamp: " + newTime + ", old timestamp: " + oldTime
                          + ")");
      }
  }