/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning;
  
  import java.math.BigInteger;
  import java.util.ArrayDeque;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Deque;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Objects;
  import java.util.Properties;
  
  /**
   * <p>
   * Generic implementation of version comparison.
   * </p>
   * <p>
   * Features:
   * <ul>
   * <li>Mixing of '<code>-</code>' (hyphen) and '<code>.</code>' (dot) separators,</li>
   * <li>Transition between characters and digits also constitutes a separator:
   *     <code>1.0alpha1 =&gt; [1, [alpha, 1]]</code></li>
   * <li>Unlimited number of version components,</li>
   * <li>Version components in the text can be digits or strings,</li>
   * <li>Strings are checked for well-known qualifiers, and the qualifier ordering is used for version ordering.
   *     Well-known qualifiers (case-insensitive) are, in order from least to greatest:<ol>
   *     <li><code>alpha</code> or <code>a</code></li>
   *     <li><code>beta</code> or <code>b</code></li>
   *     <li><code>milestone</code> or <code>m</code></li>
   *     <li><code>rc</code> or <code>cr</code></li>
   *     <li><code>snapshot</code></li>
   *     <li><code>ga</code> or <code>final</code></li>
   *     <li><code>sp</code></li>
   *     </ol>
   *     Unknown qualifiers are considered after known qualifiers,
   *     with lexical order (case-insensitive in the English locale).
   *     <code>ga</code> and <code>final</code> sort the same as not having a qualifier.
   *   </li>
   * <li>A hyphen usually precedes a qualifier, and is always less important than digits/number. For example
   *   {@code 1.0.RC2 < 1.0-RC3 < 1.0.1}; but prefer {@code 1.0.0-RC2} over {@code 1.0.0.RC2}, and more
   *   generally: {@code 1.0.X2 < 1.0-X3 < 1.0.1} for any string {@code X}; but prefer {@code 1.0.0-X1}
   *   over {@code 1.0.0.X1}.</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @see <a href="https://maven.apache.org/pom.html#version-order-specification">"Versioning" in the POM reference</a>
   */
  public class ComparableVersion implements Comparable<ComparableVersion> {
      private static final int MAX_INTITEM_LENGTH = 9;
  
      private static final int MAX_LONGITEM_LENGTH = 18;
  
      private String value;
  
      private String canonical;
  
      private ListItem items;
  
      private interface Item {
          int INT_ITEM = 3;
          int LONG_ITEM = 4;
          int BIGINTEGER_ITEM = 0;
          int STRING_ITEM = 1;
          int LIST_ITEM = 2;
          int COMBINATION_ITEM = 5;
  
          int compareTo(Item item);
  
          int getType();
  
          boolean isNull();
      }
  
      /**
       * Represents a numeric item in the version item list that can be represented with an int.
       */
      private static class IntItem implements Item {
          private final int value;
  
          public static final IntItem ZERO = new IntItem();
  
         private IntItem() {
             this.value = 0;
         }
 
         IntItem(String str) {
             this.value = Integer.parseInt(str);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return INT_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return value == 0;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 return (value == 0) ? 0 : 1; // 1.0 == 1, 1.1 > 1
             }
 
             return switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM -> {
                     int itemValue = ((IntItem) item).value;
                     yield Integer.compare(value, itemValue);
                 }
                 case LONG_ITEM, BIGINTEGER_ITEM -> -1;
                 case STRING_ITEM -> 1;
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-sp
 
                 case LIST_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-1
 
                 default -> throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
             };
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                 return false;
             }
 
             IntItem intItem = (IntItem) o;
 
             return value == intItem.value;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return value;
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return Integer.toString(value);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Represents a numeric item in the version item list that can be represented with a long.
      */
     private static class LongItem implements Item {
         private final long value;
 
         LongItem(String str) {
             this.value = Long.parseLong(str);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return LONG_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return value == 0;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 return (value == 0) ? 0 : 1; // 1.0 == 1, 1.1 > 1
             }
 
             return switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM -> 1;
                 case LONG_ITEM -> {
                     long itemValue = ((LongItem) item).value;
                     yield Long.compare(value, itemValue);
                 }
                 case BIGINTEGER_ITEM -> -1;
                 case STRING_ITEM -> 1;
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-sp
 
                 case LIST_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-1
 
                 default -> throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
             };
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                 return false;
             }
 
             LongItem longItem = (LongItem) o;
 
             return value == longItem.value;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return (int) (value ^ (value >>> 32));
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return Long.toString(value);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Represents a numeric item in the version item list.
      */
     private static class BigIntegerItem implements Item {
         private final BigInteger value;
 
         BigIntegerItem(String str) {
             this.value = new BigInteger(str);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return BIGINTEGER_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return BigInteger.ZERO.equals(value);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 return BigInteger.ZERO.equals(value) ? 0 : 1; // 1.0 == 1, 1.1 > 1
             }
 
             return switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM, LONG_ITEM -> 1;
                 case BIGINTEGER_ITEM -> value.compareTo(((BigIntegerItem) item).value);
                 case STRING_ITEM -> 1;
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-sp
 
                 case LIST_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-1
 
                 default -> throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
             };
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                 return false;
             }
 
             BigIntegerItem that = (BigIntegerItem) o;
 
             return value.equals(that.value);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return value.hashCode();
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return value.toString();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Represents a string in the version item list, usually a qualifier.
      */
     private static class StringItem implements Item {
         private static final List<String> QUALIFIERS =
                 Arrays.asList("alpha", "beta", "milestone", "rc", "snapshot", "", "sp");
         private static final List<String> RELEASE_QUALIFIERS = Arrays.asList("ga", "final", "release");
 
         private static final Properties ALIASES = new Properties();
 
         static {
             ALIASES.put("cr", "rc");
         }
 
         /**
          * A comparable value for the empty-string qualifier. This one is used to determine if a given qualifier makes
          * the version older than one without a qualifier, or more recent.
          */
         private static final String RELEASE_VERSION_INDEX = String.valueOf(QUALIFIERS.indexOf(""));
 
         private final String value;
 
         StringItem(String value, boolean followedByDigit) {
             if (followedByDigit && value.length() == 1) {
                 // a1 = alpha-1, b1 = beta-1, m1 = milestone-1
                 switch (value.charAt(0)) {
                     case 'a':
                         value = "alpha";
                         break;
                     case 'b':
                         value = "beta";
                         break;
                     case 'm':
                         value = "milestone";
                         break;
                     default:
                 }
             }
             this.value = ALIASES.getProperty(value, value);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return STRING_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return value == null || value.isEmpty();
         }
 
         /**
          * Returns a comparable value for a qualifier.
          * <p>
          * This method takes into account the ordering of known qualifiers then unknown qualifiers with lexical
          * ordering.
          * <p>
          *
          * @param qualifier
          * @return an equivalent value that can be used with lexical comparison
          */
         public static String comparableQualifier(String qualifier) {
             if (RELEASE_QUALIFIERS.contains(qualifier)) {
                 return String.valueOf(QUALIFIERS.indexOf(""));
             }
 
             int i = QUALIFIERS.indexOf(qualifier);
 
             // Just returning an Integer with the index here is faster, but requires a lot of if/then/else to check for
             // -1
             //  or QUALIFIERS.size and then resort to lexical ordering. Most comparisons are decided by the first
             // character,
             // so this is still fast. If more characters are needed then it requires a lexical sort anyway.
             return i == -1 ? (QUALIFIERS.size() + "-" + qualifier) : String.valueOf(i);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 // 1-rc < 1, 1-ga > 1
                 return comparableQualifier(value).compareTo(RELEASE_VERSION_INDEX);
             }
             switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM:
                 case LONG_ITEM:
                 case BIGINTEGER_ITEM:
                     return -1; // 1.any < 1.1 ?
 
                 case STRING_ITEM:
                     return comparableQualifier(value).compareTo(comparableQualifier(((StringItem) item).value));
 
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM:
                     int result = this.compareTo(((CombinationItem) item).getStringPart());
                     if (result == 0) {
                         return -1;
                     }
                     return result;
 
                 case LIST_ITEM:
                     return -1; // 1.any < 1-1
 
                 default:
                     throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
             }
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                 return false;
             }
 
             StringItem that = (StringItem) o;
 
             return value.equals(that.value);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return value.hashCode();
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return value;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Represents a combination in the version item list.
      * It is usually a combination of a string and a number, with the string first and the number second.
      */
     private static class CombinationItem implements Item {
 
         StringItem stringPart;
 
         Item digitPart;
 
         CombinationItem(String value) {
             int index = 0;
             for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
                 char c = value.charAt(i);
                 if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
                     index = i;
                     break;
                 }
             }
 
             stringPart = new StringItem(value.substring(0, index), true);
             digitPart = parseItem(true, value.substring(index));
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 // 1-rc1 < 1, 1-ga1 > 1
                 return stringPart.compareTo(item);
             }
             int result = 0;
             switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM:
                 case LONG_ITEM:
                 case BIGINTEGER_ITEM:
                     return -1;
 
                 case STRING_ITEM:
                     result = stringPart.compareTo(item);
                     if (result == 0) {
                         // X1 > X
                         return 1;
                     }
                     return result;
 
                 case LIST_ITEM:
                     return -1;
 
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM:
                     result = stringPart.compareTo(((CombinationItem) item).getStringPart());
                     if (result == 0) {
                         return digitPart.compareTo(((CombinationItem) item).getDigitPart());
                     }
                     return result;
                 default:
                     return 0;
             }
         }
 
         public StringItem getStringPart() {
             return stringPart;
         }
 
         public Item getDigitPart() {
             return digitPart;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return COMBINATION_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return false;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (this == o) {
                 return true;
             }
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                 return false;
             }
             CombinationItem that = (CombinationItem) o;
             return Objects.equals(stringPart, that.stringPart) && Objects.equals(digitPart, that.digitPart);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             return Objects.hash(stringPart, digitPart);
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             return stringPart.toString() + digitPart.toString();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Represents a version list item. This class is used both for the global item list and for sub-lists (which start
      * with '-(number)' in the version specification).
      */
     private static class ListItem extends ArrayList<Item> implements Item {
         @Override
         public int getType() {
             return LIST_ITEM;
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean isNull() {
             return (size() == 0);
         }
 
         void normalize() {
             for (int i = size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                 Item lastItem = get(i);
 
                 if (lastItem.isNull()) {
                     if (i == size() - 1 || get(i + 1).getType() == STRING_ITEM) {
                         remove(i);
                     } else if (get(i + 1).getType() == LIST_ITEM) {
                         Item item = ((ListItem) get(i + 1)).get(0);
                         if (item.getType() == COMBINATION_ITEM || item.getType() == STRING_ITEM) {
                             remove(i);
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         @Override
         public int compareTo(Item item) {
             if (item == null) {
                 if (size() == 0) {
                     return 0; // 1-0 = 1- (normalize) = 1
                 }
                 // Compare the entire list of items with null - not just the first one, MNG-6964
                 for (Item i : this) {
                     int result = i.compareTo(null);
                     if (result != 0) {
                         return result;
                     }
                 }
                 return 0;
             }
             switch (item.getType()) {
                 case INT_ITEM:
                 case LONG_ITEM:
                 case BIGINTEGER_ITEM:
                     return -1; // 1-1 < 1.0.x
 
                 case STRING_ITEM:
                     return 1;
                 case COMBINATION_ITEM:
                     return 1; // 1-1 > 1-sp
 
                 case LIST_ITEM:
                     Iterator<Item> left = iterator();
                     Iterator<Item> right = ((ListItem) item).iterator();
 
                     while (left.hasNext() || right.hasNext()) {
                         Item l = left.hasNext() ? left.next() : null;
                         Item r = right.hasNext() ? right.next() : null;
 
                         // if this is shorter, then invert the compare and mul with -1
                         int result = l == null ? (r == null ? 0 : -1 * r.compareTo(l)) : l.compareTo(r);
 
                         if (result != 0) {
                             return result;
                         }
                     }
 
                     return 0;
 
                 default:
                     throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
             }
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString() {
             StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
             for (Item item : this) {
                 if (buffer.length() > 0) {
                     buffer.append((item instanceof ListItem) ? '-' : '.');
                 }
                 buffer.append(item);
             }
             return buffer.toString();
         }
 
         /**
          * Return the contents in the same format that is used when you call toString() on a List.
          */
         private String toListString() {
             StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
             buffer.append("[");
             for (Item item : this) {
                 if (buffer.length() > 1) {
                     buffer.append(", ");
                 }
                 if (item instanceof ListItem listItem) {
                     buffer.append(listItem.toListString());
                 } else {
                     buffer.append(item);
                 }
             }
             buffer.append("]");
             return buffer.toString();
         }
     }
 
     public ComparableVersion(String version) {
         parseVersion(version);
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:innerassignment")
     public final void parseVersion(String version) {
         this.value = version;
 
         items = new ListItem();
 
         version = version.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
 
         ListItem list = items;
 
         Deque<Item> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
         stack.push(list);
 
         boolean isDigit = false;
 
         boolean isCombination = false;
 
         int startIndex = 0;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < version.length(); i++) {
             char character = version.charAt(i);
             int c = character;
             if (Character.isHighSurrogate(character)) {
                 // read the next character as a low surrogate and combine into a single int
                 try {
                     char low = version.charAt(i + 1);
                     char[] both = {character, low};
                     c = Character.codePointAt(both, 0);
                     i++;
                 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                     // high surrogate without low surrogate. Not a lot we can do here except treat it as a regular
                     // character
                 }
             }
 
             if (c == '.') {
                 if (i == startIndex) {
                     list.add(IntItem.ZERO);
                 } else {
                     list.add(parseItem(isCombination, isDigit, version.substring(startIndex, i)));
                 }
                 isCombination = false;
                 startIndex = i + 1;
             } else if (c == '-') {
                 if (i == startIndex) {
                     list.add(IntItem.ZERO);
                 } else {
                     // X-1 is going to be treated as X1
                     if (!isDigit && i != version.length() - 1) {
                         char c1 = version.charAt(i + 1);
                         if (Character.isDigit(c1)) {
                             isCombination = true;
                             continue;
                         }
                     }
                     list.add(parseItem(isCombination, isDigit, version.substring(startIndex, i)));
                 }
                 startIndex = i + 1;
 
                 if (!list.isEmpty()) {
                     list.add(list = new ListItem());
                     stack.push(list);
                 }
                 isCombination = false;
             } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { // Check for ASCII digits only
                 if (!isDigit && i > startIndex) {
                     // X1
                     isCombination = true;
 
                     if (!list.isEmpty()) {
                         list.add(list = new ListItem());
                         stack.push(list);
                     }
                 }
 
                 isDigit = true;
             } else {
                 if (isDigit && i > startIndex) {
                     list.add(parseItem(isCombination, true, version.substring(startIndex, i)));
                     startIndex = i;
 
                     list.add(list = new ListItem());
                     stack.push(list);
                     isCombination = false;
                 }
 
                 isDigit = false;
             }
         }
 
         if (version.length() > startIndex) {
             // 1.0.0.X1 < 1.0.0-X2
             // treat .X as -X for any string qualifier X
             if (!isDigit && !list.isEmpty()) {
                 list.add(list = new ListItem());
                 stack.push(list);
             }
 
             list.add(parseItem(isCombination, isDigit, version.substring(startIndex)));
         }
 
         while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
             list = (ListItem) stack.pop();
             list.normalize();
         }
     }
 
     private static Item parseItem(boolean isDigit, String buf) {
         return parseItem(false, isDigit, buf);
     }
 
     private static Item parseItem(boolean isCombination, boolean isDigit, String buf) {
         if (isCombination) {
             return new CombinationItem(buf.replace("-", ""));
         } else if (isDigit) {
             buf = stripLeadingZeroes(buf);
             if (buf.length() <= MAX_INTITEM_LENGTH) {
                 // lower than 2^31
                 return new IntItem(buf);
             } else if (buf.length() <= MAX_LONGITEM_LENGTH) {
                 // lower than 2^63
                 return new LongItem(buf);
             }
             return new BigIntegerItem(buf);
         }
         return new StringItem(buf, false);
     }
 
     private static String stripLeadingZeroes(String buf) {
         if (buf == null || buf.isEmpty()) {
             return "0";
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < buf.length(); ++i) {
             char c = buf.charAt(i);
             if (c != '0') {
                 return buf.substring(i);
             }
         }
         return buf;
     }
 
     @Override
     public int compareTo(ComparableVersion o) {
         return items.compareTo(o.items);
     }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return value;
     }
 
     public String getCanonical() {
         if (canonical == null) {
             canonical = items.toString();
         }
         return canonical;
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object o) {
         return o instanceof ComparableVersion comparableVersion && items.equals(comparableVersion.items);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         return items.hashCode();
     }
 
     // CHECKSTYLE_OFF: LineLength
 
     /**
      * Main to test version parsing and comparison.
      * <p>
      * To check how "1.2.7" compares to "1.2-SNAPSHOT", for example, you can issue
      * <pre>java -jar ${maven.repo.local}/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact/${maven.version}/maven-artifact-${maven.version}.jar "1.2.7" "1.2-SNAPSHOT"</pre>
      * command to command line. Result of given command will be something like this:
      * <pre>
      * Display parameters as parsed by Maven (in canonical form) and comparison result:
      * 1. 1.2.7 == 1.2.7
      *    1.2.7 &gt; 1.2-SNAPSHOT
      * 2. 1.2-SNAPSHOT == 1.2-snapshot
      * </pre>
      *
      * @param args the version strings to parse and compare. You can pass arbitrary number of version strings and always
      *             two adjacent will be compared.
      */
     // CHECKSTYLE_ON: LineLength
     public static void main(String... args) {
         System.out.println("Display parameters as parsed by Maven (in canonical form and as a list of tokens) and"
                 + " comparison result:");
         if (args.length == 0) {
             return;
         }
 
         ComparableVersion prev = null;
         int i = 1;
         for (String version : args) {
             ComparableVersion c = new ComparableVersion(version);
 
             if (prev != null) {
                 int compare = prev.compareTo(c);
                 System.out.println(
                         "   " + prev + ' ' + ((compare == 0) ? "==" : ((compare < 0) ? "<" : ">")) + ' ' + version);
             }
 
             System.out.println(
                     (i++) + ". " + version + " -> " + c.getCanonical() + "; tokens: " + c.items.toListString());
 
             prev = c;
         }
     }
 }